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The arrival of the new year has prompted many of us to make dramatic commitments and determination. If you are planting roses, please promise to plant your roses well.

The following are the measures taken in January to promote the healthy growth of this year’s rose garden and reduce disease. Remember: everything you do for roses benefits you when it blooms.

Pruning rejuvenates our roses: it promotes the growth of more flowers and allows the plants to receive light and air circulation to minimize disease. Pruning our roses is not difficult, it will be fun when you know how to prune. Follow these five simple steps:

Use the right tools: You will need a pair of sharp bypass pruning shears, hand gloves, a pair of sharp long-handled scissors and a pruning saw.

Check the rose from the buds combined upwards. You will maintain a healthy cane and cut off the old, damaged, slender cane. Saw off the unproductive canes at the roots of the shrubs to encourage and open up space for the roses to grow new productive canes from the bud junctions (base fracture).

Don't prune severely: In San Diego, we usually reduce the height of hybrid teas by about a third, and reduce the height of flowering plants, polyfloral plants, shrubs, miniature plants, and small plants by a quarter. On the climber, we cut off the useless and damaged main cane. The remaining canes are trained to grow horizontally, thereby promoting lateral growth. Flowers on climbers grow from these side stems.

Trim over the eyes of the buds facing outward: You will notice small red bumps or swellings where the leaves are attached or attached to the sugar cane. This is called bud eye. When trimming, trim 1/4 inch above the outwardly-facing bud eye. This will encourage the rose bush to grow outward, so that the center of the rose bush remains open to air and light.

Peel and dispose of all remaining leaves on the bush so that the rose can start the new year with fresh leaves.

Planting new roses appropriately and welcoming them to their new home will give them a good start and the best opportunity to thrive and bloom productively throughout the year. Follow these five simple steps:

Location, location, location: Choose a place where there is at least 5 to 6 hours of sunlight every day. Do not plant roses under or too close to trees. Make sure you know how big your rose is when it matures, and the corresponding space.

Prepare the rose hole: Dig a hole about 12 to 18 inches deep and 2 feet wide. Your soil needs to be well drained. In poorly drained soil, consider planting on an elevated bed or planting in a container.

If you plant a new rose in the hole where you removed another rose, make sure to remove all old roots and replace about half to two-thirds of the soil with the rose planting mix purchased from the nursery.

Prepare your roses: Most roses received in the mail will arrive bare-rooted. Remove the rose from the sawdust or newspaper. Only check and cut broken roots. Only cut off damaged or very slender canes. Hydrate the whole bare root rose (stick and root) in a bucket of water for at least 24 hours.

Some nurseries sell rose plants in pots. If new leaves have grown on the cane, leave the plant in the container until it has grown a strong root ball. I like to buy my bare-root roses when they are available in the nursery, so that I can take them home and soak them before planting them underground.

Planting roses: Build up soil dug out of the hole by mixing purchased compost or rotten homemade compost. In San Diego, we plant roses so that the buds are combined above the ground. Create a raised mound in the middle of the planting hole and place the plant on the top of the mound so that the buds are combined a few inches above the ground. Put the modified soil back into the hole and tamped lightly with your hands. Create a pot around the planting hole and well to soak the plants. Don't let the soil or the mulch you will add in February cover the bud knots or canes.

Care after planting: Sometimes nature will provide us with water in January. If it does not rain, make sure your newly planted roses are fully irrigated.

Clean up all the canes, cut branches, and all leaves and petals in the garden to eliminate fungal diseases and overwintering pests in the garden last year. A clean slate is always a good start to the new year.

Your task for January is now complete. The February tasks will include adding soil amendments and covering the garden.

Perwich is a member of the San Diego Rose Association, a rose garden consultant, and a master gardener at the University of California Cooperative Extension Center.

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